Heat the oil. For a skillet or dutch oven, add about 1 inch of oil. For a deep fryer, fill according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Heat to 350°F over medium-high heat. Use a candy thermometer to monitor oil temperature.
Prepare the onions. Peel a large sweet onion and slice into ½ inch thick rings. Separate the rings and set aside.
Mix the flour coating. In a medium bowl, combine flour, onion powder, smoked paprika, garlic powder, black pepper, and salt.
Prepare the sourdough batter. Pour the sourdough starter discard into a shallow dish. If it is very thick, thin with a tablespoon or two of warm water until it has the consistency of thin pancake batter.
Coat the onion rings. Dip each onion ring into the sourdough batter, then dredge in the flour mixture until fully coated. Set on a wire rack while you prepare the rest.
Fry the onion rings. Working in small batches, carefully place coated rings into the hot oil. Fry 2–3 minutes, turning as needed, until golden brown and crispy. Remove with a slotted spoon or tongs and transfer to a paper towel lined plate or wire rack to drain. Repeat with the remaining onion rings.
Serve hot with dipping sauce. Kefir ranch is a favorite, but spicy sriracha kefir ranch, horseradish sauce, or blooming onion sauce are all great options.