In a large mixing bowl or stand mixer, combine the water, buttermilk, molasses, honey, and softened butter.
Add the fresh-milled flour, yeast, salt, and cocoa powder. Mix until the dough just comes together. It will look soft and loose.
Cover and let the dough rest for 25 minutes (autolyse). Do not skip this step.
Knead for 8–10 minutes until smooth and elastic. Dough will remain slightly tacky—use oiled hands to handle it.
Place dough in a lightly greased bowl, cover, and let rise until doubled, about 1 hour.
Turn dough onto a lightly oiled surface and divide into two 9x5 loaves OR one loaf + 16 rolls. Shape tightly. (Add oats on top if desired.)
Let rise again until doubled, about 45 minutes. Use the poke test:
Slowly fills back in with a light indent → ready to bake
Springs back quickly → needs 10–15 more minutes
Bake loaves at 350°F for 30–35 minutes, or until internal temperature reaches 190–195°F. (Rolls bake faster.)
Remove from pans and cool on their sides for 15–20 minutes to prevent sinking, then move to a rack to cool fully.